 |
One of the three CLARREO satellites, which will make observations of the energy the Earth absorbs from the sun and radiates back into space. The balance between them affects the climate. Credit: NASA |
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have launched a joint effort to gather enhanced climate data from spaceborne climate observation instruments planned for a group of satellites now under development.
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Mission includes a fleet of satellites tentatively scheduled for launch later this decade that will gather data for long-term climate projections. The CLARREO mission will provide an accurate climate record of the complete spectrum of energy that Earth reflects and radiates back into space, measurements that should provide a clearer understanding of the climate system.
NIST’s role will focus on the calibration of the instruments aboard CLARREO satellites, as well as on the accuracy that the sensors must meet. The measurements need to be characterized to far greater accuracy—from two to 10 times better, depending on the wavelength of light in question—and detector standards need to be developed for the far infrared region of the spectrum. NIST will also help NASA improve its own capabilities in instrument calibration. The collaboration was finalized in a Space Act Agreement on Feb. 4, 2010.
CLARREO, led by NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va., is now among NASA’s top-priority missions because of its high ranking by the National Research Council, which designated CLARREO one of its four “Tier One” missions when it evaluated proposals in 2007. NASA is allocating $270,000 for NIST’s contributions to the project this year.
The mission is part of a longer-term effort to establish global long-term climate records that are of high accuracy and traceable to the international system of units (SI). The CLARREO satellites and other instruments will be calibrated against international standards based on SI, so that observations from different times and locations can be compared usefully, creating a more reliable record of long-term climate trends.
Media Contact: Chad Boutin, boutin@nist.gov, (301) 975-4261
Satelleites having Bosonova laser system may be installed to change the climatic conditions by controlling boson polaritons simulation and even monsterous twisters can be initiated by laser simulation in space using NIST technics.
Solar rays could be converged to produce cross polarized Bossonova resonance between Air affined and water affined middle frequency resonance as Monster twisters in ferromagnetic cloud chambers for tapping energy –Electricity:
“crossover physics”, which reflects the anomalously short coherence length. Both schools are currentlyvery interested in explaining the origin of the mysterious pseudogap phase. In this Review we have presenteda case for its origin in crossover physics. The pseudogap in the normal state can be associated withmeta-stable pairs of fermions; a (pseudogap) energy must be supplied to break these pairs apart into theirseparate components. The pseudogap also persists below Tc in the sense that there are noncondensed fermion pair excitations of the condensate. These concepts have a natural analogue in self consistent theories of superconducting fluctuations, but for the crossover problem the width of the “critical region” is extremely large. This reflects the much stronger-than-BCS attractive interaction. It was not our intent to shortchange the role of Mott physics which will obviously be of importance in our ultimate understanding of the superconducting cuprates. There is, however, much in this regard which is still uncertain associated with establishing the simultaneous relevance and existence of spin-charge separation (Anderson, 1997), stripes (Kivelson et al., 2003), and hidden order parameters (Chak
et al., 2001). What we do have in hand, though, is a very clear experimental picture of an extremely unusual superconductor in which superconductivity seems to evolve gradually from above Tc to below. We have in this Review tried to emphasize the common ground between high Tc superconductors and ultracold superfluids.
These Mott issues may nevertheless, set the agenda for future cold atom studies of
fermions in optical lattices (Hofstetter et al., 2002).The recent discovery of superfluidity in cold fermion gases opens the door to a new set of fascinating problems in condensed matter physics. Unlike the bosonic system, there is no ready-made counterpart of Gross Pitaevskii theory. A new mean field theory which goes beyond BCS and encompasses BEC in some form or another will have to be developed in concert with experiment.
Phase transitions are ubiquitous in nature, and can be arranged into universality classes such that systems having unrelated microscopic physics show identical scaling behaviour near the critical point. One prominent universal element of many continuous phase transitions is the spontaneous formation of topological defects during a quench through the critical point1, 2, 3. The microscopic dynamics of defect formation in such transitions are generally difficult to investigate, particularly for superfluids4, 5, 6, 7. However, Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) offer unique experimental and theoretical opportunities for probing these details. Here we present an experimental and theoretical study of the BEC phase transition of a trapped atomic gas, in which we observe and statistically characterize the spontaneous formation of vortices during condensation8, 9. Using microscopic theories10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 that incorporate atomic interactions and quantum and thermal fluctuations of a finite-temperature Bose gas, we simulate condensation and observe vortex formation in close quantitative agreement with our experimental results. Our studies provide further understanding of the development of coherence in superfluids, and may allow for direct investigation of universal phase transition dynamics Ther may be triangular configuration square circular ellipsoidal in forming fire,earth ,air ,water affined polariton
An interesting Cross Polarized Bossoneva Twisters(CPBT) convergence in laser cooling dynamics that oscillate between air-water affined surface polaritons forming cross polarized as they oscillate along middle frequencies in fferro magnetic vaporized cloud chambers of MOT requires further research in NIST,and Jila ,MIT University.
Astro physics related information in solar magnetic field shifting of half spins fermions to full spin Boson shift is possible of solar ray emissions .Infact quasinatured full spin boson converted as half spin fermions on Taurus mageneto optic quantum sector is observed.(refer graphical codes of half circle over full circle)
The Boson natured Bossonnova retrograde resonance between Gemini and cancer call for similar cross polarized Bossonova resonance at polariton cross overs requires an investigation.
Conclusion: Ferromagnetic vaporized injection in solar rays could be utilized in laser colling bosennova resonance polariton cross over dynamics to produce Monster Twisers that could drive Turbine blades to produce electricity in generators or directly as jet propulsion systems.
Sankara Velayudhan Nandakumar of Energy renovation coordinator along with Hon. Sir J.Pendry F.R.S of imperial college uk special officer on combustion nano technology along with Dr.GANESAN ,IIT professor ,combustion dept Cape Institute of Technology,Nagercoil formerly with ,KNSK Engineering college ,Nagercoil as research scholar,Anna University with Hubble space research committee of Hon.Roger Davies,Hon.Collin Webbs FRS of Laser dn of Oxford uk,Hon.Marteen Rees ,Emeritus Professor of cosmology Cambridge ,former president of Royal society London
List of references:
Bossonova resoannce reserch works carried out at NIST and JILA
1. C. Kurtsiefer, P. Aarda, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. M. Gorman, P. R. Tapster, “Quantum cryptography:
A step towards global key distribution,” Nature 419, 450 (2002).
2. M. Aspelmeyer, H. R. Böhm, T. Gyatso, T. Jennewein, R. Kaltenbaek, M. Lindenthal, G. Molina Terriza,
A. Poppe, K. Resch, M. Taraba, R. Ursin, P. Walther, and A. Zeilinger, “Long-distance free-Space
distribution of quantum entanglement,” Science 301, 621 (2003).
3. I. Marcikic, H. de Riedmatten,W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, M. Legre, and N. Gisin, “Distribution of time-bin
entangled qubits over 50 km of optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 180502 (2004).
4. D. C. Burnham, D. L. Weinberg, “Observation of simultaneity in parametric production of optical photon
pairs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 84 (1970).
5. S. Friberg, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, “Measurement of time delays in the parametric production of
photon pairs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2011 (1985).
6. S. Friberg and L. Mandel, “Production of squeezed states by combination of parametric down-conversion
and harmonic generation,” Opt. Commun. 48, 439 (1984).
7. P. G. Kwiat, E. Waks, A. G. White, I. Appelbaum, and P. H. Eberhard, “Ultrabright source of polarizationentangled
photons,” Phys. Rev. A60, R773 (1999).
8. C. Kurtsiefer, M. Oberparleiter, and H. Weinfurter, “High-efficiency entangled photon pair collection in
type-II parametric fluorescence,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023802 (2001)
9. E. Brannen, F. R. Hunt, R. H. Adlington, R. W., Hicholls, “Application of nuclear coincidence methods to
atomic transitions in the wavelength range 2000-6000A,” Nature 175, 810 (1955).
10. A. Kuzmich, W. P. Bowen, A. D. Boozer, A. Boca, C. W. Chou, L.-M. Duan, and H.J. Kimble,
“Generation of nonclassical photon pairs for scalable quantum communication with atomic ensembles,”
Nature 423, 731 (2003).
11. C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vu, G. S. Solomon, Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon
device,” Nature 419, 594 (2002).
12. S. Tanzilli, F. D. Riedmatten, W. Tittle, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. D., Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, N. Gisin,
“Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett.
37, 26 (2001).
13. S. J. Mason, M. A. Albota, F. Konig, and F. N. C. Wong, “Efficient generation of tunable photon pairs at
0.8 and 1.6 m,” Opt. Lett. 27, 2115 (2002).
14. F. Konig, E. J. Mason, F. N. C. Wong, and M. A. Albota, “Efficient spectrally bright source of polarizationentangled
photons,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 033805 (2005).
15. T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett.
22, 961 (1997).
16. M. Fiorentino, P. L. Voss, J. E. Sharping, and P. Kumar, “All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum
communication,” IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett. 14, 983 (2002).
#7815 - $15.00 US Received 14 June 2005; revised 15 July 2005
Ref:Generation of cross-polarized photon pairs in a
microstructure fiber with frequency-conjugate
laser pump pulses
J. Fan and A. Migdall
Optical Technology Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg. MD 20899-8441
Jfan@nist.gov
TAG# A Cross polarized oscillation in solar magnetic field calls for genetic catastrophe of air-water affined genes on the palm print of W.T.Stead-reg [Incident: 100802-000279 news@nature.com"
Your call CNSHD789847 regarding Cross polarised genetic air-water affined catastrophe solved at last -reg has been received Outreach@stsci.edu"
Posted by: sankaravelayudhan nandakumar | 08/25/2010 at 02:44 AM